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  • תזונה קטוגנית – מקורות מידע
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מכירים את בית שמאי ובית הילל? לא מרגישים לעתים שאתם נתקלים במלא גישות שונות בכל מה שקשור לתזונה בכלל ולתזונה קטוגנית בפרט?
כמה קשה לבחור את הדרך הנכונה לנו?
בשנים האחרונות ממש, קמו להן כל מיני אסכולות בתוך התזונה הקטוגנית – עוד ארחיב עליהן בכתבה נפרדת.
בינתיים לעונג הוא לי לשתף מקורות מידע שעליהם אנחנו מסתמכים, אני והקולגות שלי, הפניות למובילי דיעה בתזונה קטוגנית ודלת פחמימה, שיקום ובריאות מטבולית, חלקם הם מוריי בפועל.
לגזור ולשמור.
ט.ל.ח
אם מכירים עוד, או נפלה טעות.. אשמח להארותיכם.

המחלות הכרוניות, לרבות השמנה, המחלות האוטואימוניות והמטבוליות כמובן, קורות כתוצאה מצריכת יתר של פחמימות, סוכר, שמני זרעים ותוספי מזון קרי אוכל מעובד והרגלי אכילה משובשים
ריפוי והחלמה יכולים להיעשות על ידי הפחתה משמעותית שצריכת פחמימות, סילוק רעלים צמחיים מכל סוג ותוך התמקדות במזונות, אוכל אמיתי בעלי מרכיב 1 אמיתיים.
חלבון ושפע שומן טבעי טוב מן החי, מעבה ומשקם את המעיים ומרפא את מערכת העיכול, המעי, הגוף והמוח.
המערך המטבולי שלנו הוא הורמונלי מורכב. הורמון המפתח במערך הזה הוא אינסולין, ההורמון היחידי עם נגיעה בכל תאי הגוף
אכילת אוכל אמיתי, ניהול אינסולין במטרה להוריד את רמתו ככל הניתן, בניית אורח חיים מיטבי הכולל שינה, חשיפה לשמש, נשימה – והקשבה לגוף! הם המפתחות לריפוי, שיקום ואיזון
הלוואי שזה יהפוך לידע נפוץ כדי שיותר אנשים יוכלו לרפא את עצמם ולהבין ש- אנחנו הפתרון של עצמנו

רופאים:

Prof. Tim Noakes
Dr. georgia ede
Dr. Ben Bikman
Dr Jason Fung
Dr Robert Kiltz
Dr Zsofia Clemens
Dr Shawn Baker
Dr. Mariela Glant
Dr Gary Fettke
Dr Sten Ekberg
Dr Mindy Pelz
Dr Paul Mason
Dr Anthony Chaffee
Dr Anthony Jay
Dr Lisa Wiedman
Dr Cywes
Dr Phil Ovadia
Dr Eric Westman
Dr Ken Berry
Prof. Jeff Volek
Dr Robert Cywes

בלוגרים ויוטיוברים קרניבורים ודלי פחמימה

Amy Berger
Steak and Butter Girl
Garry Taubes
Asra Conlu
Laura Spath
Kelly Hogan
Anthony Chaffee
Bart Kay
Ivor cummins
Zoe Harcom
David Unwin

ספרים:

*Why we get sick*: Dr. Benjamin Bikman הקדמה על ידי ד"ר מריאלה גלאנט; איך לא לחלות
*The Carnivore Diet*: Dr. Shawn Baker
*Lies My Doctor Told Me*: Dr. Ken Berry
*Carnivore Cure*: Judy Chu
*Stay off my operating table*: Phil Ovadia
*The Great Plant-Based CON*. Jayne Buxton
* Change Your Diet, Change Your Mind: A Powerful Plan to Improve Mood, Overcome Anxiety, and Protect Memory for a Lifetime of Optimal Mental Health January 30, 2024by Dr. Georgia Ede M.D. (Author)

*Fat of the Land*: Great historical perspective of how indigenous people have been eating for thousands of years.

*Big Fat Surprise*: By Nina Teicholz . A must read on the history of saturated fat phobia in the US.
*Diabetes Code*: by Dr. Jason Fung.
A mastery course on why one must avoid all types of sugar including fructose and glucose.
*The Case Against Sugar*: by Gary Taubes. Most striking in this book is the tracking of the year by year massive increasing volume of sugar humans consume.

מאמרים (כולסטרול):

  1. Dyńka, D. et al. (2023) ‘The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases’, Nutrients, 15(15), p. 3368. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153368.
  2. Ravnskov U, de Lorgeril M, Diamond DM, et al. LDL-C does not cause cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review of the current literature. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018;11(10):959-970. doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1519391
  3. Malhotra A, DiNicolantonio JJ, Capewell S. It is time to stop counting calories, and time instead to promote dietary changes that substantially and rapidly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Open Heart. 2015;2(1). doi:10.1136/openhrt-2015-000273
  4. Kirkpatrick CF, Bolick JP, Kris-Etherton PM, et al. Review of current evidence and clinical recommendations on the effects of low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate (including ketogenic) diets for the management of body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: A scientific statement from the National Lipid Association Nutrition and Lifestyle Task Force. Journal of Clinical Lipidology. September 2019. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2019.08.003
  5. Zhang, W. et al. (2021) ‘Ketogenic Diets and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases’, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.753039
  6. Butler T, Kerley CP, Altieri N, et al. Optimum nutritional strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation (BACPR). Heart. Published online February 25, 2020. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315499 
  7. Diamond, D.M., Leaverton, P.E., Diamond, D.M. and Leaverton, P.E. (2023) ‘Historical Review of the Use of Relative Risk Statistics in the Portrayal of the Purported Hazards of High LDL Cholesterol and the Benefits of Lipid-Lowering Therapy’, Cureus, 15(5). Available at: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38391
  8. Diamond DM, Alabdulgader AA, Lorgeril M de, et al. Dietary Recommendations for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: an Evidence-Free Zone. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. Published online July 5, 2020. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111412
  9. Astrup A, Magkos F, Bier DM, et al. Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-based Recommendations: JACC State-of -the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Published online June 17, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.077
  10. Nasser S, Vialichka V, Biesiekierska M, Balcerczyk A, Pirola L. Effects of ketogenic diet and ketone bodies on the cardiovascular system: Concentration matters. World Journal of Diabetes. 2020;11(12):584-595. doi:10.4239/wjd.v11.i12.584
  11. Aronica L, Volek J, Poff A, D’agostino DP. Genetic variants for personalised management of very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets. BMJNPH. Published online December 12, 2020:bmjnph-2020-000167. doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000167
  12. Murray SW, McKelvey S, Heseltine TD, et al. The “discordant doppelganger dilemma”: SGLT2i mimics therapeutic carbohydrate restriction – food choice first over pharma? Journal of Human Hypertension. Published online February 9, 2021:1-8. doi:10.1038/s41371-021-00482-y
  13. https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-medicine/fulltext/S2666-3791(24)00381-1?fbclid=IwY2xjawIBvLdleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHarf9D4vpE3jX-Qmk7BMh-J4Gs2JFfKKbWFBwdZFQMaDUu1Ja2YdoUJa_Q_aem_y-EbMgXlTBpnuvCA-_2XLw
  14. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240802/New-research-reveals-keto-diete28099s-impact-on-cholesterol-and-gut-microbiome.aspx?fbclid=IwY2xjawIBvNhleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHarf9D4vpE3jX-Qmk7BMh-J4Gs2JFfKKbWFBwdZFQMaDUu1Ja2YdoUJa_Q_aem_y-EbMgXlTBpnuvCA-_2XLw
  15. אינסולין ולא כולסטרול מקדמים תחלואת לב ועורקים: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12933-018-0762-4?fbclid=IwY2xjawIBvSJleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHb4evUwzAYeucnDxYKZXDGI2op1pHDCLNRRne2uhSfwbH3iNqoDdp4l4Jw_aem_-gF1Bs7yGzB2XN6tbwTL7w
  16. יחס טריג ל HDL כלומר תנגודת אינסולין מנבא חזק יותר לתחלואה לבבית: https://www.scielo.br/j/clin/a/cBmwyNSD43JFsqffN9hgNpk?fbclid=IwY2xjawIBvTtleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHc7T41zReQOa6E7Q4CwbOHPy8HPl5deG2LvAdiHl9GTj10BKtoXNok-vNQ_aem_gt_17GKsAmUR5PfA24XD9Q
  17. אוכלוסיית המעי מתחלפת הראו אחרי שבועיים כבר מחיידקי פחמימה לחיידקי שומן. https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30490-6?ref=oliveoil-com&fbclid=IwY2xjawIBvYJleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHarf9D4vpE3jX-Qmk7BMh-J4Gs2JFfKKbWFBwdZFQMaDUu1Ja2YdoUJa_Q_aem_y-EbMgXlTBpnuvCA-_2XLw

הפחתת גורמי סיכון – מחלות לב:

  1. Luo, W. et al. (2022) ‘Low carbohydrate ketogenic diets reduce cardiovascular risk factor levels in obese or overweight patients with T2DM: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials’, Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, p. 1092031. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1092031.
  2. Gjuladin-Hellon T, Davies IG, Penson P, Amiri Baghbadorani R. Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2019;77(3):161-180. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuy049
  3. Fechner E, Smeets ETHC, Schrauwen P, Mensink RP. The Effects of Different Degrees of Carbohydrate Restriction and Carbohydrate Replacement on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Humans—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):991. doi:10.3390/nu12040991
  4. Dong T, Guo M, Zhang P, Sun G, Chen B. The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(1):e0225348. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225348
  5. Nordmann AJ, Nordmann A, Briel M, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(3):285-293. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.3.285
  6. Chawla S, Tessarolo Silva F, Amaral Medeiros S, Mekary RA, Radenkovic D. The Effect of Low-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate Diets on Weight Loss and Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3774. doi:10.3390/nu12123774
  7. Zhu Y, Bo Y, Liu Y. Dietary total fat, fatty acids intake, and risk of cardiovascular disease: a dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2019;18(1):91. doi:10.1186/s12944-019-1035-2
  8. Harcombe Z, Baker JS, Cooper SM, et al. Evidence from randomised controlled trials did not support the introduction of dietary fat guidelines in 1977 and 1983: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart. 2015;2(1):e000196. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2014-000196 
  9. Santos FL, Esteves SS, da Costa Pereira A, Yancy WS, Nunes JPL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors. Obes Rev. 2012;13(11):1048-1066. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01021.x ABSTRACT 
  10. Yang Q, Lang X, Li W, Liang Y. The effects of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets vs. low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets on weight, blood pressure, serum liquids and blood glucose: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. Published online June 24, 2021. doi:10.1038/s41430-021-00927-0 ABSTRACT
  11. Ishak AI, Harikrishna AH, Chrysostomou SC, Karpettas NK. Should we really avoid fat in diet? The beneficial effects of low carbohydrate diet versus low fat diet on cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Heart Journal. 2021;42(Supplement_1). doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2427

מאמרים (סוכרת טייפ 2):

  1. Li S, Ding L, Xiao X. Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Low-Carbohydrate Diets with Low-Fat Diets for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2021;2021:e8521756. doi:10.1155/2021/8521756
  2. Yuan X, Wang J, Yang S, et al. Effect of the ketogenic diet on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition & Diabetes. 2020;10(1):1-8. doi:10.1038/s41387-020-00142-z
  3. Meng Y, Bai H, Wang S, Li Z, Wang Q, Chen L. Efficacy of low carbohydrate diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2017;131:124-131. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.07.006 ABSTRACT
  4. Alarim RA, Alasmre FA, Alotaibi HA, Alshehri MA, Hussain SA. Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients: Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Cureus. 12(10). doi:10.7759/cureus.10796
  5. Turton J, Brinkworth GD, Field R, Parker H, Rooney K. An evidence‐based approach to developing low‐carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review of interventions and methods. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. doi:10.1111/dom.13837
  6. Snorgaard O, Poulsen GM, Andersen HK, Astrup A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017;5(1):e000354. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000354
  7. Ajala O, English P, Pinkney J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(3):505-516. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.042457
  8. Goldenberg JZ, Day A, Brinkworth GD, et al. Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data. BMJ. 2021;372:m4743. doi:10.1136/bmj.m4743
  9. Churuangsuk, C. et al. (2021) ‘Diets for weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic review of trials of diets for diabetes remission’, Diabetologia. doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05577-2
  10. Apekey, T.A. et al. (2022) ‘Comparison of the Effectiveness of Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets, in Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials’, Nutrients, 14(20), p. 4391. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204391.
  11. Kelly T, Unwin D, Finucane F. Low-Carbohydrate Diets in the Management of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review from Clinicians Using the Approach in Practice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(7):2557. doi:10.3390/ijerph17072557
  12. Hallberg SJ, Gershuni VM, Hazbun TL, Athinarayanan SJ. Reversing Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Evidence. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):766. doi:10.3390/nu11040766
  13. Feinman RD, Pogozelski WK, Astrup A, et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: Critical review and evidence base. Nutrition. 2015;31(1):1-13. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2014.06.011
  14. Taylor R, Ramachandran A, Yancy WS, Forouhi NG. Nutritional basis of type 2 diabetes remission. BMJ. 2021;374:n1449. doi:10.1136/bmj.n1449

מאמרים (לחץ דם):

Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analyses and other reviews

  1. Evans CE, Greenwood DC, Threapleton DE, Gale CP, Cleghorn CL, Burley VJ. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2017;105(5):1176-1190. doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.143685
  2. Yu Z, Nan F, Wang LY, Jiang H, Chen W, Jiang Y. Effects of high-protein diet on glycemic control, insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition. Published online August 15, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.08.008 
  3. Rebholz CM, Friedman EE, Powers LJ, Arroyave WD, He J, Kelly TN. Dietary Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2012;176(suppl_7):S27-S43. doi:10.1093/aje/kws245
  4. Mente A, O’Donnell M, Yusuf S. Sodium Intake and Health: What Should We Recommend Based on the Current Evidence? Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3232. doi:10.3390/nu13093232

Trials/Studies

  1. Yancy WS, Westman EC, McDuffie JR, et al. A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet vs Orlistat Plus a Low-Fat Diet for Weight Loss. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(2):136. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.492 

  2. Chiu S, Bergeron N, Williams PT, Bray GA, Sutherland B, Krauss RM. Comparison of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and a higher-fat DASH diet on blood pressure and lipids and lipoproteins: a randomized controlled trial1–3. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2016;103(2):341-347. doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.123281Unwin DJ, T

  3. Unwin DJ, Tobin SD, Murray SW, Delon C, Brady AJ. Substantial and Sustained Improvements in Blood Pressure, Weight and Lipid Profiles from a Carbohydrate Restricted Diet: An Observational Study of Insulin Resistant Patients in Primary Care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(15):2680. doi:10.3390/ijerph16152680

  4. Pérez-Guisado J, Muñoz-Serrano A. A Pilot Study of the Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet: An Effective Therapy for the Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Medicinal Food. 2011;14(7-8):681-687. doi:10.1089/jmf.2010.0137
  5. Walker L, Smith N, Delon C. Weight loss, hypertension and mental well-being improvements during COVID-19 with a multicomponent health promotion programme on Zoom: a service evaluation in primary care. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. Published online February 13, 2021:bmjnph. doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000219   PDF
  6. Barrea, L. et al. (2023) ‘Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD): an antihypertensive nutritional approach’, Journal of Translational Medicine, 21(1), p. 128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-03956-4.
  7. Sun S, Kong Z, Shi Q, Zhang H, Lei O-K, Nie J. Carbohydrate Restriction with or without Exercise Training Improves Blood Pressure and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Women. Healthcare. 2021;9(6):637. doi:10.3390/healthcare9060637
  8. Shah S, MacDonald C-J, El Fatouhi D, et al. The associations of the Palaeolithic diet alone and in combination with lifestyle factors with type 2 diabetes and hypertension risks in women in the E3N prospective cohort. Eur J Nutr. Published online April 28, 2021. doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02565-5
  9. Kim D, Roberts C, McKenzie A, George MP. Nutritional ketosis to treat pulmonary hypertension associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome: a case report. Pulm Circ. 2021;11(1):2045894021991426. doi:10.1177/2045894021991426 
  10. Ballard KD, Quann EE, Kupchak BR, et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, microvascular function, and cellular adhesion markers in individuals taking statins. Nutr Res. 2013;33(11):905-912. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.022 ABSTRACT

Association Studies

  1. Peng W, Xie Y, Cao H, et al. Association study of fasting blood glucose and salt sensitivity of blood pressure in community population: the EpiSS study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2021;0(0). doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.026    PDF
  2. He D, Sun N, Xiong S, Qiao Y, Ke C, Shen Y. Association between the proportions of carbohydrate and fat intake and hypertension risk: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Journal of Hypertension. 2021;Publish Ahead of Print. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002803 ABSTRACT

מאמרים (נשים ופוריות):

  1. McGrice M, Porter J. The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diets on Fertility Hormones and Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Women: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2017;9(3). doi:10.3390/nu9030204
  2. Camajani, E. et al. (2023) ‘Ketogenic Diet as a Possible Non-pharmacological Therapy in Main Endocrine Diseases of the Female Reproductive System: A Practical Guide for Nutritionists’, Current Obesity Reports [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-023-00516-1.
  3. Salcedo, A.C. et al. (2023) ‘Therapeutic Carbohydrate Restriction as a Metabolic Modality for the Prevention and Treatment of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding’, Nutrients, 15(17), p. 3760. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173760.
  4. Pasca, L. et al. (2023) ‘Ketonemia variability through menstrual cycle in patients undergoing classic ketogenic diet’, Frontiers in Nutrition, 10. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1188055.
  5. Maseroli, E. et al. (2023) ‘(055) Application of a Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Protocol in Women’s Endocrinology: Psychosexual Correlates of Weight Loss’, The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 20(Supplement_2), p. qdad061.051. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdad061.051.
  6. Hantoushzadeh, S. et al. (2023) ‘Glucose metabolism tests and recurrent pregnancy loss: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 15(1), p. 3. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-022-00973-z.
  7. Cai, W.-Y. et al. (2022) ‘Insulin resistance in women with recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), p. 916. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05256-z.
  8. Alghamdi, A.A. and Alotaibi, A.S. (2023) ‘High Insulin Resistance in Saudi Women with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case–control Study’, Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences, 11(4), p. 314. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_82_23.
  9. Grieger JA, Grzeskowiak LE, Smithers LG, et al. Metabolic syndrome and time to pregnancy: a retrospective study of nulliparous women. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2019;126(7):852-862. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.15647
  10. Hilali NG, Sak S, Incebiyik A, et al. Recurrent pregnancy loss and metabolic syndrome. Ginekologia Polska. 2020;91(6):320-323. doi:10.5603/GP.a2020.0063 PDF
  11. Shehata H, Berry A, Riba C, Salcedo AC. Insulin Resistance and Other Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. In Review; 2021. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-604656/v1 (concepts expanded and discussed by Dr Salcedo in this podcast – Protecting Your NEST with Dr. Tony Hampton – Dr. Andrea Salcedo & the Metabolic/Gynecologic Connection)
  12. Wang H, Zhang Y, Fang X, Kwak-Kim J, Wu L. Insulin Resistance Adversely Affect IVF Outcomes in Lean Women Without PCOS. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.734638
  13. Hooshiar, S.H., Yazdani, A. and Jafarnejad, S. (2024) ‘Does an alternate-day modified fasting diet improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms and health-related quality of life in obese or overweight women with premenstrual syndrome? A randomized, controlled trial’, Frontiers in Nutrition, 10. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1298831.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Systematic Reviews, Meta-analyses & Narrative Reviews

  1. Khalid, K. et al. (2023) ‘Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Reproductive Hormones in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome’, Journal of the Endocrine Society, 7(10), p. bvad112. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvad112.
  2. Xing, N., Ren, F. and Yang, H. (2024) ‘Effects of ketogenic diet on weight loss parameters among obese or overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails’, Food & Nutrition Research [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v68.9835.
  3. Zhang X, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Lai Z. The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Endocrinol. 2019;2019. doi:10.1155/2019/4386401 
  4. Shang Y, Zhou H, He R, Lu W. Dietary Modification for Reproductive Health in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2021;12:1408. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.735954 
  5. Saadati, N. et al. (2021) ‘The effect of low glycemic index diet on the reproductive and clinical profile in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Heliyon, 7(11), p. e08338. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08338
  6. Porchia LM, Hernandez-Garcia SC, Gonzalez-Mejia ME, López-Bayghen E. Diets with lower carbohydrate concentrations improve insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. Published online March 6, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.03.010 ABSTRACT
  7. Ramírez-Martínez, L. et al. (2024) ‘The Potential for Ketogenic Diets to Control Glucotoxicity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Insulin Resistance to Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome’, Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 51(3), p. 57. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31083/j.ceog5103057.
  8. Pateguana NB, Janes A. The contribution of hyperinsulinemia to the hyperandrogenism of polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Insulin Resistance. 2019;4(1):3. doi:10.4102/jir.v4i1.50 

Trials/Studies

  1. Mei, S. et al. (2022) ‘Mediterranean Diet Combined With a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Pattern in the Treatment of Overweight Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients’, Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, p. 876620. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.876620.
  2. Pandurevic, S. et al. (2022) ‘Efficacy of very low calorie ketogenic diet in obese PCOS: a randomized controlled study’, in Endocrine Abstracts. ECE 2022, 24th European Congress of Endocrinology, Bioscientifica. doi:10.1530/endoabs.81.P193.
  3. Li J, Bai W-P, Jiang B, et al. Ketogenic diet in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and liver dysfunction who are obese: A randomized, open-label, parallel-group, controlled pilot trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. Published online January 18, 2021. doi:10.1111/jog.14650
  4. Palafox-Gómez, C. et al. (2023) ‘Adding a ketogenic dietary intervention to IVF treatment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome improves implantation and pregnancy’, Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 119, p. 108420. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108420.
  5. Masood, I. et al. (2023) ‘Effect of ketogenic diet and hypocaloric Mediterranean diet on metabolic and endocrine parameter in women suffering from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome’, International Journal of Food Properties, 26(2), pp. 3187–3196. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2023.2275528. 
  6. NAVEED, A. et al. (2024) ‘EFFECTS OF A KETOGENIC DIET IN OVERWEIGHT WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME’, Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal, 2024, p. 734. Available at: https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.734.
  7. Paoli A, Mancin L, Giacona MC, Bianco A, Caprio M. Effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2020;18(1):104. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02277-0
     
  8. Magagnini, M.C. et al. (2022) ‘Does the Ketogenic Diet Improve the Quality of Ovarian Function in Obese Women?’, Nutrients, 14(19). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194147.
  9. Pohlmeier AM, Phy JL, Watkins P, et al. Effect of a Low Starch/Low Dairy Diet on Fat Oxidation in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(11):1237-1244. doi:10.1139/apnm-2014-0073
  10. Moran LJ, Noakes M, Clifton PM, Tomlinson L, Norman RJ. Dietary Composition in Restoring Reproductive and Metabolic Physiology in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(2):812-819. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020815 
  11. Gower BA, Chandler-Laney PC, Ovalle F, et al. Favourable metabolic effects of a eucaloric lower-carbohydrate diet in women with PCOS. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013;79(4):550-557. doi:10.1111/cen.12175 
  12. Yang, M. et al. (2022) ‘Metabolic effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome with different uric acid levels: a prospective cohort study’, Reproductive BioMedicine Online [Preprint]. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.03.023.
  13. Mavropoulos JC, Yancy WS, Hepburn J, Westman EC. The effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on the polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2005;2:35. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-2-35 
  14. Missel AL, O’Brien AV, Maser H, et al. Impact of an Online Multicomponent Very Low-Carbohydrate Program in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study. F&S Reports. Published online September 4, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.xfre.2021.08.008

Pregnancy

  1. Moses RG, Luebcke M, Davis WS, et al. Effect of a low-glycemic-index diet during pregnancy on obstetric outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(4):807-812. doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.4.807 
  2. Nina R W Geiker, Faidon Magkos, Helle Zingenberg, Jens Svare, Elizaveta Chabanova, Henrik S Thomsen, Christian Ritz, Arne Astrup (2021) ‘A high protein low glycemic index diet attenuates gestational weight gain in pregnant women with obesity: the APPROACH randomized controlled trial’. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab405 
  3. Iii JFC. Maternal carbohydrate intake and pregnancy outcome. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2002;61(1):45-50. doi:10.1079/PNS2001129 
  4. Herschede AM. Grit Pregnancies: How to Have a Healthy Pregnancy and Normal Blood Sugars with Type 1 Diabetes. Allison Herschede; 2021. ISBN-10 : 1737084309
  5. Lavie M, Lavie I, Maslovitz S. Paleolithic diet during pregnancy-A potential beneficial effect on metabolic indices and birth weight. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;242:7-11. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.08.013 ABSTRACT
  6. Yan W, Zhang Y, Wang L, et al. Maternal dietary glycaemic change during gestation influences insulin-related gene methylation in the placental tissue: a genome-wide methylation analysis. Genes Nutr. 2019;14. doi:10.1186/s12263-019-0634-x
  7. Zhao J, Hong X, Zhang H, et al. Pre-pregnancy maternal fasting plasma glucose levels in relation to time to pregnancy among the couples attempting first pregnancy. Hum Reprod. doi:10.1093/humrep/dez069
  8. Huang L, Shang L, Yang W, et al. High starchy food intake may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a nested case-control study in the Shaanxi province of Northwestern China. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2019;19(1):362. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2524-z
  9. Casas R, Castro Barquero S, Estruch R. Impact of Sugary Food Consumption on Pregnancy: A Review. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3574. doi:10.3390/nu12113574
  10. Ding M, He F, Li X, et al. Consistent Role of Insulin Resistance in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Case-control Study. Published online August 30, 2021. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-827067/v1
  11. Hilali NG, Sak S, Incebiyik A, et al. Recurrent pregnancy loss and metabolic syndrome. Ginekologia Polska. 2020;91(6):320-323. doi:10.5603/GP.a2020.0063 PDF
  12. Zhang X, Gong Y, Della Corte K, et al. Relevance of dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and fiber intake before and during pregnancy for the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal glucose homeostasis. Clinical Nutrition. Published online April 5, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.041 
  13. Selen DJ, Edelson PK, James K, et al. Physiologic Subtypes of Gestational Glucose Intolerance and Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Published online August 19, 2021:S0002-9378(21)00886-3. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.01 ABSTRACT
  14. Aminianfar A, Soltani S, Hajianfar H, Azadbakht L, Shahshahan Z, Esmaillzadeh A. The association between dietary glycemic index and load and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2020;0(0). doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108469 ABSTRACT
  15. Chen Y, Qin Y, Zhang Z, et al. Association of the low-carbohydrate dietary pattern with postpartum weight retention in women. Food Funct. Published online October 5, 2021. doi:10.1039/d1fo00935d ABSTRACT
  16. Azizi R, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Sheikhansari G, et al. Metabolic syndrome mediates inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. J Reprod Immunol. 2019;133:18-26. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2019.05.001 ABSTRACT
  17. Flanagan, E. Kebbe,M et al. (11.2021) ‘Assessment of Eating Behaviors and Perceptions of Time Restricted Eating During Pregnancy’. The Journal of Nutrition. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab397
  18. Cortés-Albornoz MC, García-Guáqueta DP, Velez-van-Meerbeke A, Talero-Gutiérrez C. Maternal Nutrition and Neurodevelopment: A Scoping Review. Nutrients. 2021;13(10):3530. doi:10.3390/nu13103530
  19. North S, Crofts C, Thoma C, Zinn C. The role of maternal diet on offspring hyperinsulinaemia and adiposity after birth: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Published online November 2, 2021:1-14. doi:10.1017/S2040174421000623
  20. Kramer J, Smith L. Ketogenic Diet in Glut 1 Deficiency Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy to Neonate to Preschooler. Child Neurology Open. 2021;8:2329048X211034655. doi:10.1177/2329048X211034655
  21. Louw EJTM van der, Williams TJ, Henry-Barron BJ, et al. Ketogenic diet therapy for epilepsy during pregnancy: A case series. Seizure – European Journal of Epilepsy. 2017;45:198-201. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2016.12.019

Lactation

Caution – there are several reports of lactation ketoacidosis occuring in the literature (see Possible Complications). For a prudent interpretation of the literature regarding breastfeeding, the link below to Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt – Diet Doctor, may be helpful – Breastfeeding on a low-carb diet – is it dangerous? Diet Doctor. 

  1. Dwyer, G.G., Akers, L.H. and Akers, J. (2023) ‘Experiences of Women Following a Low-Carbohydrate Diet While Breastfeeding’, Clinical Lactation, 14(2), pp. 72–84. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1891/CL-2022-0015.
  2. Alsharairi NA. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mediating Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Infant Gut Microbiota Relationships and Its Therapeutic Potential in Obesity. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3702. doi:10.3390/nu13113702
  3. Tan-Smith C, Little H, Fabe J, Dickson C, Shillito P. Increase of Human Milk Fat Inducing Nutritional Ketosis in Exclusively Breastfed Infant, Brought About by Treating the Mother With Ketogenic Dietary Therapy. J Hum Lact. Published online October 5, 2021:8903344211048422. doi:10.1177/08903344211048422 
  4. Kramer J, Smith L. Ketogenic Diet in Glut 1 Deficiency Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy to Neonate to Preschooler. Child Neurology Open. 2021;8:2329048X211034655. doi:10.1177/2329048X211034655 

מאמרים (סרטן)

  1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8833671/

 

Media Links

  1. Dr. Tim O’Dowd – Reproduction Nutrition – YouTube
  2. Lily Nichols – Is Low Carb Safe During Pregnancy? – YouTube

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